Baseline Codecs for web video

2011-01-17T13:15:00+00:00

A lot of 'net comment has been generated in the last few days following Google's announcement that they will be dropping support for H.264 in future versions of their Chromium browser. They expound on their decision here.

In making this move they join the ranks of Mozilla in supporting Open Video in web-pages. The trouble with H.264 is that while it is a documented standard it's not a free one. To implement a H.264 codec you have to use patented techniques that are controlled by the MPEG-LA. Despite claims that licenses will be given away freely for decoding non-commercial video it doesn't meet the requirements of Free Software which needs to be able to distribute implementations freely and without additional restrictions. It's a problem the Open Source world has been talking about for years and it's good that Google are bringing these concerns to a wider audience.

For all practical purposes the change will have little effect for my day to day browsing. I can already view pretty much any video format on my Linux Desktop and if Chromium has to pass decoding to a plugin instead of doing it within the browser I probably won't even notice. This will have more of an effect on Apple's iOS devices (iPhones and iPads) when places like YouTube switch to using either WebM or fall back to a Flash based player. Even today you can't browse a large amount of media on Wikipedia which favours free software compatible audio and video formats. That is because Apple refuse to add support for these alternative codecs to their mobile OS. Not surprisingly they also have a vested interest in H.264 becoming the de facto format for video on the web being one of the many licensees represented by the MPEG-LA.

It's noticeable that the majority of the comments on Google's blog involve people throwing their Chrome shaped toys out of the pram and returning to Safari. Windows users will I assume have the same ability as me to handle formats via plugins instead of native browser support. It does lead me to think that their anger is somewhat misdirected when aimed at Google.

A number of people have pointed out there is a degree of hypocrisy in Google's stated support for open web standards while their browser (in non-free software form) still supports Flash and MP3s which have similar issues. I'm willing to concede this isn't ideal from a software freedom perspective. However I'm happy to accept their pragmatic point about this being a statement on support for open codecs for the emerging <video> tag without wanting to cripple the browser for the amount existing content out there. Now is very much the time to make stand over video lest we repeat the mistakes of MP3's and GIF's in the rush of companies to stake out their own little revenue generating area of what should be the free and open standards that underpin the web.

Thoughts on Steve

2010-05-04T10:21:00+01:00

The current spat between Apple's Steve Jobs and Adobe has been amusing to watch from the sidelines. There is an irony in Apple having a go at Adobe for supporting a closed proprietary de-facto standard like Flash. Much as it pains me to say it on most of the points Steve makes I find myself agreeing. The web will be a better place when video is delivered over standard HTML5 tags instead of being wrapped up in some closed plugin. There are also better standards based solutions for vector graphics which together with JavaScript and libraries can render the other major use of Flash obsolete.

My advice to Adobe would be to concentrate on the authoring tools and output to a common supported standard for the final rendering.

Of course the FSF have joined in to comment. Apart from the major flaw that Job's walled garden locks out all sorts of competitors that aren't Flash there is the small elephant in the room around video codec patents. Apple would love the de-facto embedded video standard to be H.264 which is already available from YouTube. The free software community also has one of the best video codec implementations in the FFmpeg project. Actually playing video is already a well solved problem. Unfortunately the uncertainty around patents means the distributions are incredibly hesitant to distribute binaries supporting such encumbered codecs. Luckily for Apple they hold a significant number of patents related to the technology.

There is of course Ogg Theora which is on the surface patent free and the default codec used by Wikipedia. Google's recent acquisition of On2 hold out hope for a more modern video codec becoming fully open. It's clear that the next few years will see some shake up in the delivery of video over the web.

So while I will happily cheer the demise of the bloated security nightmare that is Flash beware of gifts brought by turtlenecked geeks.

Alex's Adventures on the Infobahn - video

Baseline Codecs for web video

Thoughts on Steve